Mueller and the Celestial Teapot
It is impossible to disprove a negative assertion. Kudos to British mathematician Bertrand Russell for the excellent illustration of this principal. "Bertrand Russell proposed his teapot analogy as a way of explaining where the burden of proof lies, particularly in debates about religion." " In the teapot analogy, Russell asks to us to imagine a man claiming that there is a teapot orbiting the sun between Earth and Mars. The teapot is too small for us to see, and, since we can’t journey out into space (Russell wrote this in the 1950s), there’s no way to show that the teapot isn’t actually there. “Ah,” says Russell’s hypothetical man, “since you can’t prove the teapot isn’t there, you must assume that it is there.” Of course, it’s patently ridiculous to claim that that we must believe in a teapot orbiting the sun simply because we have no means to prove it isn’t there. The burden of proof, Russell argues, is on the person claiming the teapot is there, since the